發布:2019-05-20 17:16:00編輯:視頻君來源:視頻教程網
知識點:《動名詞的用法》 收集:袁順局 編輯:紫羅蘭君
本知識點包括:1、動名詞的用法是什么。 2、英語中什么情況下用動名詞 3、請教英語中動名詞的用法 4、名稱和動名詞用法區別 5、動名詞用法 。
動名詞
一.概念
動名詞是非限定動詞的一種形式,由動詞原形+ing構成.它既有動詞的特征,又有名詞的特征,故稱.動名詞也有時態和語態的變化,如表所示(以及物動詞write為例),不及物動詞沒有語態的變化.
時態/語態
主動
被動
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
二.相關知識點精講:
1.作主語.例如:
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了.
2.作賓語
a.有些動詞可以用動名詞作賓語.例如:
admit 承認
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider認為
delay 耽誤
deny 否認
detest 討厭
endure 忍受
enjoy 喜歡
escape 逃脫
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推遲
practice 訓練
recall 回憶
resent 討厭
resume 繼續
resist 抵抗
risk 冒險
suggest 建議
face 面對
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 寬恕
keep 繼續
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little,please?你把收音機音量調小一點,好嗎
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.這松鼠幸運得很,剛逃避了被逮住的厄運.
b.有些結構后面可以用動名詞作賓語或其他成分.例如:
admit to
prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
object to
stick to
no good
no use
be fond of
look forward to
be proud of
be busy
can't help
be tired of
be capable of
be afraid of
think of
burst out
keep on
insist on
count on
set about
put off
be good at
take up
give up
be successful in
3.作表語,對主語說明、解釋.例如:
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子.
比較:She is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.
4.作定語,一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途.例如:
a writing desk=a desk for writing 寫字臺
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些動名詞作定語,與所修飾的名詞關系比較復雜.例如:
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸點
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉機
5.動名詞復合結構
物主代詞/人稱代詞或名詞所有格/普通格與動名詞連用,就構成了動名詞的復合結構.物主代詞或名詞所有格等是動名詞的邏輯主語.
動名詞復合結構在句中主要作主語和賓語.
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.學生學好了英語對學習法語有幫助.
I remember Tom's going there.我記得湯姆去過那里.
三.鞏固練習
1.It’s no use __________ theory without practice.
A.to learn B.of learning C.learn D.learning
2.Talking is easier than ______.
A.more doing B.to do C.doing D.much doing
3.Seeing it,he couldn’t help _______.
A.shouting B.shouting at C.shout D.his shouting
4.We insisted on ________ a good lesson.
A.teach B.her teaching C.teaching her D.himself teaching
5.Tom has got used to _________ Chinese.
A.to speak B.speaking C.to speaking D.to saying
6.The patient has given ________.
A.smoking B.out smoking C.smoke D.up smoking
7.The book is well worth ________ a second time.
A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching
8.Anybody won’t stand _______ like that.
A.to laugh B.being laughed at C.being not laughed at D.to laughing at
9.He admitted _________ Mary to that fellow.
A.having married B.to have married C.marrying not D.being married
10.Do you mind _________ a little late?
A.my being B.I being C.me to be D.be
11.The beautiful flowers want ________.
A.having watered B.watering C.being watered D.waters
12.She prefers ________ at home to _______ out at night.
A.to stay; go B.going; staying C.staying; going D.to staying; go
13.Would you mind _________ alone at home?
A.left B.being left C.to be left D.leaving
14.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______.
A.catching B.to catch C.being caught D.caught
15.I can hardly imagine Peter ________ across the Atlantic Oceanin five days.
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
A.作句子的主語
句型 V-ing…+V…
例A:Smoking is a bad habit.
(吸煙是壞習慣.)
例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
(每天早晨做運動有助于人的健康.)
例C:It isn't easy trying to please her.
(想辦法討好她是不容易的.)
解說 動名詞作主語用時是屬于第三人稱單數,因此要取單數形式動詞.例C是表示動名詞也可用“It…”的句式來表達.
B.作主語補語
句型 S+be+V-ing…
例A:My favorite sport is swimming.
(我最喜愛的運動是游泳.)
例B:Her only desire is studying music.
(她的唯一的愿望就是學音樂.)
C.作直按賓語
句型 S+Vt.+V-ing
例A:I enjoy watching TV news after supper.
(晚飯后我喜愛看電視新聞.)
例B:You'd better stop smoking.
(你最好把煙戒掉了.)
例C:It began raining heavily when we got there.
(我們到達那里時,開始下起大雨來了.)
例D:I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我記得以前在什么地方見過她.)
例E:Do you mind mailing this letter for me
(替我寄這封信你介意嗎?)
解說 英語的Vt.取直接賓語時,有的習慣上要取不定式,有的則要取動名詞,有的則取不定式或動名詞皆可,表達的意思大致相同,但是也有些表達的意思不相同,現分別介紹如下:
①Vt.+V-ing …(習慣上取動名詞為直接賓語)(如例A、B)
admit(承認),advise(勸告),avoid(避免),consider(考慮),
escape(脫逃),finish(做完),keep (on) (持續),practice(練習),quit(停止),resist(抵抗),risk(冒險),stand(忍受——否定句),stop(停止),understand(了解),etc .
注:請注意下面兩句表達上的差別:
例:He stopped smoking.(他停止吸煙了.)
例:He stopped to smoke.(他抽起煙來了.)
第二句是“He stopped doing something and began to smoke.”的意思.
②Vt.+V-ing…/to V…(動名詞或不定式皆可,表達的意思大致相同.)(如例C)
begin(開始),cease(停止),continue(繼續),fear(恐懼),start(開始),etc.
③Vt.+V-ing…/to V…(可取動名詞,也可取不定式,但表達的意思不相同或用法不相同.)(如例D)
dislike(不喜歡),forget(忘卻),hate(討厭;恨),like(喜歡),love(愛;喜歡),need(需要),remember(記得),try(嘗試),want(需要),etc.
注:本項所說的表達意義不同或用法不同,請參考詞典,這里僅以“remember,”和“want”為例提供參考例句如下:
I remember seeing her somewhere before.
(我記得以前在什么地方見過她.)
I remember to see her tomorrow.
(我會記得明天去看她.)
由上例可知“remember +V-ing…”是指“對過去所做過的事記得”的意思,而“remember +to V…”是指“對將來的某一件事會記得去做”的意思.
Do you want to paint to door?
(你要油漆門嗎?—“want”的意思是“要,欲”)
The door wants painting.
(這一道門需要油漆了.—“want”的意思是“需要”,即“need”,而“painting”所表達的意思是“to be painted”.)
例E的“mind +V-ing…?”通常是指說話者要請對方“來做……”的意思,若是說話者自己要做而在征求對方的同意時則使用“mind +my +V-ing…”的句式.
例:Do you mind opening the windows?
(請你把窗打開,你介意嗎?)
Certainly not.(當然不介意.)
例:Do you mind me [my] smoking
(你會介意我吸煙嗎?)
No,please do.請便.)
“mind +V-ing”也可用于表達否定.
例:I don't mind being found going out with him.
(我不在乎被人看到和他一同出去.)
D.作介詞的賓語
句型prep.+V-ing…
例A:He drove away without saying good-by.
(他沒說再見就開了車走了.)
例B:It is not easy to make a living by writing .
(靠寫作謀生是不容易的.)
例C:It is polite to knock before entering a room.
=It is…before one enters a room.
(進入房間之前敲門是一種禮貌.)
解說 如例C,因“before”也可作連詞用,所以動名詞部分可改以從句來表達.其他如“after,since”也可以仿照例C來表達.
he gazed at the display .
這里是普通用法就是動詞過去式.
before re-entering 和after gazing
要用ing的原因是before 和after 是介詞,介詞后面要接動詞必接ing形式也就是動名詞形式(這點樓主同學要記好噢)
這么說樓主同學明白了嗎?
不明白再來問我.
如果句子中已經有一個 動詞了就不能再用一個動詞,用動名詞可以看成是一種對狀態的修飾.有的則是固定句型.但愿你能理解懂,多接觸一些自然就明白了
省略了前面的were,與上一句的were合并.
補充后應該是,they were rising to ……
首先這句話的意思是:當你就座的時候系好安全帶
所以此句seates 是就座的意思,
可以說在省略了全句可以說 Fasten seat belt while you are seated
As checked,I found the mistake ,這句話的意思是:經過我再次查看才找出錯誤.
As 當件介詞表示通過.,經過.
Checked 是過去時,表示當事人說話的時候已經CHECK過了
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