直接引語變間接引語

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：《直接引語變間接引語》 收集：楊謁惱 編輯：荷花仙子
本知識(shí)點(diǎn)包括：1、老師，請(qǐng)問把直接引語改成間接引語怎么改？ 2、誰能告訴我英語“間接引語”和“直接引語”怎么互相轉(zhuǎn)... 3、直接引語與間接引語的區(qū)別 4、小學(xué)語文里，怎么把直接引語改成間接引語 5、直接引語變成間接引語的用法及技巧 。

《直接引語變間接引語》相關(guān)知識(shí)

引述別人的話時(shí),一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話,把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為直接引語;二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為間接引語.間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語從句.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序等.

　　1.直接引語是陳述句,變成間接引語時(shí),由連詞that 引導(dǎo).例如：

　　She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.

　　He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.

　　2.直接引語是一般疑問句時(shí),變成間接引語,由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo).例如：

　　He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.

　　He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.

　　注意：大多數(shù)情況下,if和whether 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換,但后緊跟or not時(shí),一般只用whether.例如：

　　She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.

　　3.直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語時(shí),由相應(yīng)的連接詞who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引導(dǎo).例如：

　　He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.

　　My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.

　　Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”

　　4.直接引語是祈使句,其間接引語由主語+動(dòng)詞ask(委婉語氣),tell(一般語氣),order (命令語氣)或warn,advise等+復(fù)合賓語(名/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式)構(gòu)成.如：

　　He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.

　　“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.

　　5.直接引語變間接引語時(shí),如果引述動(dòng)詞為過去式,需注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化：如：

　　1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→

　　Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般將來時(shí)→

　　He said he would go to London next week.過去將來時(shí)

　　3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→

　　My mother said she had already cleaned the house.過去完成時(shí)

　　注意:

　　1.直接引語是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等,主句盡管是過去時(shí)態(tài),變成間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).例如：

　　They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

　　2.直接引語變間接引語時(shí),指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、動(dòng)詞等要作相應(yīng)的變化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如：

　　He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.

　　但是,如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)對(duì)話人雙方就在原來的地方,或在說話的當(dāng)天,就不必改變相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等.總之,對(duì)這些變化不能機(jī)械理解,應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定所作的變化.

　　3.間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序,即主、謂、賓的順序.

參考思路：

改人稱，改時(shí)態(tài)

知識(shí)拓展：

1： 尋英語中的直接引語變間接引語,或是間接引語變直接引語?（要列句和分析）,

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納：

直接引語和間接引語

直接引語是直接引述別人的原話,原話用有引號(hào),而間接引語是引述別人的話,不用引號(hào).間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句.直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)的形式不變.例如：She says,“ I’ll never forget the moment變成間接引語為She says that she’ll never forget the moment.但是如引述動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)、地點(diǎn)、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化.遵循下列規(guī)律：

三要素.

我們要很好地掌握直接引語變間接引語這一語法項(xiàng)目,關(guān)鍵要掌握下列“三要素”.

要素一：陳述句的間接引語——連接詞用that,在口語中可省略.引述動(dòng)詞用said,told,,等.例如：

1) He said:“I’ve left my book in my room.”→

He told me that he had left his book in his room.

2) She said:“He will be busy.”→

She said that he would be busy.

要素二：疑問句的間接引語.一般疑問句后連接詞用if或whether,而引述選擇疑問句時(shí)只能用whether,引述動(dòng)詞用asked,沒有間接引語的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語me,him等,例如：

She said to Tom,“Can you help me?”→

She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.

1) She asked,“Is this book yours or his?”→

She asked me whether that book was mine or his.

2) 特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞,改為陳述語序.例如：

The teacher asked,“how did you repair it?” →

The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

要素三：祈使句的間接引語——采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu).

told

即 asked sb.(not) to do sth.

ordered

warned

注意：引語中的呼語可改成賓語.引語中的please 去掉,動(dòng)詞改為 ask

1) The teacher said to the students,“Don’t waste your time.” →

The teacher told the students not to waste their time.

2) The mother said,“Tom,get up early,please.”→

The mother asked Tom to get up early.

“五不變”

在直接引語變間接引語時(shí),還要注意以下五種不變的特殊情況.

1． 直接引語如果是客觀真理,諺（習(xí)）語,變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變.例如：

The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”→

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

My father said,“Practice makes perfect.”→

My father said practice makes perfect.

2.直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說話時(shí)情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)保持不變,例如：

The boy said to us,“ I usually get up at six every day.”→

The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

He said,“We are still students.’→

He said they are still students.

3． 直接引語如果有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,時(shí)態(tài)不變.例如：

He said to me,“I was born in 1978.”→

He told me that he was born in 1978.

The engineer said,“I was at college in 1967.”→

The engineer said he was at college in 1967.

4．直接引語中凡有When,since,while 引導(dǎo)的從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),只改變主句時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變.例如：

He said,“I have studied English since I was a boy.” →

He said he had studied English since he was a boy.

She said,“I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→

She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.

Mr.Green said to them,“Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→

Mr.Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.

5．如果直接引語中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語從句,變間接引語時(shí),引語中的主從句時(shí)態(tài)都不變.例如：

He said,“We insisted that she start immediately.→

He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.

She said,“He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→

She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.

另外,如果說話人轉(zhuǎn)述自己的話,人稱則可不變.例如：

I said to him,“I have finished it.”→I told him I had finished it.

如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必變?yōu)閠here,come不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,則today,yesterday,tomorrow等狀語也不必變化.例如：

She said to us,I’ll come here tomorrow.”→

She told us she would come here tomorrow.

2： 【英語直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則?】

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納：

1.賓語從句的主語：一隨主,二隨賓,三不變.e.g.(1)She said "I will go home ."改：She said that she would go home.（一隨主）(2)She said to me "You can go with me.".改She said to me that I could go with her...

3： 【英語,直接引語變間接引語1.Hesaid“Ihavelostmyumbralla”2.paulsaid“I`mtryingtogetataxi”3.Heexpained“Ihaveeatenmeat”4.“Haveyoubeenhaveforages?”shesaid5.Hesaid“Itookthedictionaryhomewithme”6.Her】

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納：

1.He said“I have lost my umbrella”

He said he had lost his umbrella.

2.paul said “I`m trying to get a taxi”

Poul said he was trying to get a taxi.

3.He expained“I have eaten meat”

He explained he had eaten meat.

4.“Have you been have for ages?” she said

She asked if/whether she had been had for ages.

5.He said “I took the dictionary home with me”

He said he had taken the dictionary home with him.

6.Herry said “Franls ,I came to return you the bush”

Herry told Franls (that) he had come to return his brush.

7.He asked“are you sure your mother will come”

He asked if/whether I was sure my mother would come.

4： 英語間接引語變直接引語的問題請(qǐng)寫出10組間接引語變直接引語的句子人稱時(shí)態(tài)有變換

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納：

1 He said that he was not my friend.-He said"I'm not your friend"

2 He said that my young brother had broken it.-He said"Your young brother broke it"

3 He said that he had lived in Beijing since 2000.-He said"I have lived in BJ since 2000"

4 She always says she likes English very much.-She always says "I like English very much."

5 The teacher asked me if I liked English.-The teacher asked me "Do you like English?"

6 Mother ordered the children to keep silent.-Mother ordered"Keep silent!"

7 The teacher told the students not to be late again.-The teacher said"Don't be late again."

8 We said what a clever monkey it was.-We said"What a clever monkey it is"

9 He said that he was very happy.-He said"I'm very happy."

10 He asked which star is the biggest.-He asked"Which star is the biggest?"

5： 【關(guān)于英語中直接引語變間接引語的問題直接引語褆反意疑問句,間接引語是用if還是whether,或者哪一個(gè)更好一點(diǎn)?一般疑問句和選擇疑問句這兩個(gè)分別用什么好一點(diǎn)?】

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納：

用whether更好!因?yàn)橛泻芏嗲闆r下是不能用if的~如果是考試用到或考到選擇題有了if選,又有whether的,記得要選whether哦~例如if不能與or not連用,不能和介詞等等~

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