since

知識點：《since》 收集：屠腳贍 編輯：杜鵑花妹子
本知識點包括：1、ever since和since區別 2、關于 SINCE 的全部用法 3、since與by有什么區別，用于什么時態 4、since后面可接什么 5、For 和since的區別 。

《since》相關知識

since的用法：譯作“自從…以來”

(1)接時間點：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995.要求：謂v.用現在完成時,而且須是延續性動詞.

(2)接一段時間 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago.要求：謂v.用現在完成時,而且須是延續性動詞.

(3)接時間狀語從句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time./ Lily has stayed at home since she left school.要求：主句的謂v.用現在完成時,而且須是延續性動詞；從句的謂v.用一般過去時,而且須是終止性動詞.

(4)用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段時間 + since + 時間狀語從句”中,譯作“自從…以來,已經…(時間)了”.如 It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city.要求：主句的謂v.用一般現在時或現在完成時；從句的謂v.用一般過去時,而且須是終止性動詞.

(5)用于句型“一段時間 + has passed since + 時間狀語從句”中,譯作“自從…以來,…

(時間)已經過去了”.如上個例句還可寫成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city.要求：主句的謂v.用現在完成時,而且動詞必須是has passed；從句的謂v.用一般過去時,而且須是終止性動詞.

(6)注：當since用于否定句時,主句的謂v.可以是終止性動詞.如 He hasn’t seen the film since last month.

(7)相關詞組：“從那時起”：ever since、since then、from then on.

注：ever since作為一個詞組,放句尾可單獨使用.如I have given up smoking ever since.另外,還可在since后接句子.since前加ever,只是加重語氣而已.如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.

(8) since還可引導原因狀語從句,譯作“由于；因為”,相當于because.如 Since he was lazy,he didn’t finish his homework.

知識拓展：

1： since的用法

知識要點歸納：

since的用法主要有兩點：一是表示“自從……以來”,二是表示“既然”之意.但如果只了解詞的含義,而不了解其用法,在使用時就會造成錯誤.例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.

不少人會望文生義,將該句譯為：“自從我住在上海以來,就再也沒有收到他的信了.”而實際上這個句子的譯文并非如此,那么正確的含義是什么呢?

下面談談since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法.

一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時,則從句表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一時刻起”.如：

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校,他學習就非常努力.

We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里,我們就一直很想念他們.

這是最常見的一種用法,此處不再多述.

二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時,則從句表示的時間是“從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起”.如：

I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.Sleep 為持續性動詞,sleep的動作結束時,即“醒來”時,這句應譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”.

John is now with his parents in New York,it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約,他不當教師已經三年了.

本文開始出現的那個句子就可以譯為“自從我離開上海,就再也沒有收到他的信.”這種譯法常被人們誤用,我們不妨再多舉幾個例子看看：

How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開（沒住在）上海多久了?

It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團（不當團員）半個月了.

It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長時間了.

比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信.（從句謂語為狀態動詞）

He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信.（從句謂語為終止性動詞）

三、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時,則表示動作和狀態延續到現在（說話時刻）,其表示的時間的起點應從動作發生之時算起.如：

I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.

這里has lived表示動作的持續性,時間的起點應從：“開始居住”時算起.因此此句可理解為“自從他（開始）住在那兒起,我就一直沒收到他的來信”.

Since we have owned a car,we have gone camping every year.自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營.

試比較：1.Since I’ve been at this school,we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學校,我們已換了三個校長了.

Since I was at this school,they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學校,他們已換了三個校長了.

2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我.

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我.

由此可見,since引導的從句持續動詞的一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反.換言之,前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內容,而后者的形式與內容是一致的.

至于It is +一段時間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時間+since…意思相同.前者是規范說法,后者是口語說法.

應注意的是,在這種結構中,since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.

It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.

正確的說法為：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了.

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了.

2： SINCE的用法具體的

知識要點歸納：

since的四種用法

1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980,last month,half past six）.例如：

I have been here since 1989.1989起,我一直在這兒.

2） since +一段時間+ ago.例如：

I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒,已經有五個月了.

3） since +從句.例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后,變化可大了.

Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后,變化可大了.

4） It is +一段時間+ since從句.例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了.

3： since的用法是什么?

知識要點歸納：

since的用法主要有兩點：一是表示“自從……以來”,二是表示“既然”之意.但如果只了解詞的含義,而不了解其用法,在使用時就會造成錯誤.例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.

不少人會望文生義,將該句譯為：“自從我住在上海以來,就再也沒有收到他的信了.”而實際上這個句子的譯文并非如此,那么正確的含義是什么呢?

下面談談since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法.

一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時,則從句表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一時刻起”.如：

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校,他學習就非常努力.

We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里,我們就一直很想念他們.

這是最常見的一種用法,此處不再多述.

二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時,則從句表示的時間是“從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起”.如：

I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.Sleep 為持續性動詞,sleep的動作結束時,即“醒來”時,這句應譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”.

John is now with his parents in New York,it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約,他不當教師已經三年了.

本文開始出現的那個句子就可以譯為“自從我離開上海,就再也沒有收到他的信.”這種譯法常被人們誤用,我們不妨再多舉幾個例子看看：

How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你離開（沒住在）上海多久了?

It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團（不當團員）半個月了.

It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我離開倫敦已很長時間了.

比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信.（從句謂語為狀態動詞）

He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信.（從句謂語為終止性動詞）

三、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時,則表示動作和狀態延續到現在（說話時刻）,其表示的時間的起點應從動作發生之時算起.如：

I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.

這里has lived表示動作的持續性,時間的起點應從：“開始居住”時算起.因此此句可理解為“自從他（開始）住在那兒起,我就一直沒收到他的來信”.

Since we have owned a car,we have gone camping every year.自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營.

試比較：1.Since I’ve been at this school,we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學校,我們已換了三個校長了.

Since I was at this school,they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學校,他們已換了三個校長了.

2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我.

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我.

由此可見,since引導的從句持續動詞的一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反.換言之,前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內容,而后者的形式與內容是一致的.

至于It is +一段時間+since…的句型與It has been +一段時間+since…意思相同.前者是規范說法,后者是口語說法.

應注意的是,在這種結構中,since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.

It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.

正確的說法為：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了.

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了.

4： 【since的意義和用法】

知識要點歸納：

since

KK:[]

DJ:[]

ad.(常用于現在完成時或過去完成時)

1.此后;從那時到現在

She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since.

她三年前畢業,從那時起便一直當護士.

2.之前,以前

prep.

1.(常用于現在完成時或過去完成時)自...以來,從...至今

I haven't heard from him since last year.

我自去年以來未曾收到過他的信.

conj.

1.(常用于現在完成時或過去完成時)自...以來,從...至今

It's been ten years since they married.

他們結婚到現在已經十年了.

She has been living a hard life since her husband died.

她自從丈夫死后,一直過著艱苦的生活.

2.既然;因為,由于

He must have taken the book since it isn't here.

他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了.

Since it is so hot,let's go swimming.

既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧.

以上結果由 Dr.eye譯典通字典 提供

5： since的各種用法

知識要點歸納：

Since 用法小結一．Since作為介詞,后接某一確定的時間點,主句謂語動詞是持續性動詞,常與現在完成時態、現在完成進行時態或過去完成時態連用.例如：1、He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since th...

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